SIOUX NATIVE INDIAN TRANSPARENT OIL PAINTING F RAY SMITH MUSKOGEE OKLAHOMA CREEK

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NOW FOR YOUR VIEWING PLEASURE…

"SITTING BULL"

OR

"CHIEF LOW DOG"

LAKOTA SIOUX

TRANSPARENT OIL PAINTING 

BY

F. RAY SMITH

MUSKOGEE OKLAHOMA

SIGNED

DATED 1969

MEASURES ABOUT 15" X 19" FRAMED

BOARDSTOCK CANVAS IS 16" X 12"

SOME SMALL SMOOTZ STAIN ON EDGE

COULD BE CLEANED BY NEW OWNER

...

LATE BREAKING NEWS: THIS JUST IN...

F. Ray Smith is a name associated with legal proceedings in the Eastern District of Oklahoma. The United States Attorney’s Office for this district recently obtained eighty-two felony indictments from a federal grand jury. These indictments cover a range of serious crimes, including murder, sexual assaults, child abuse/neglect, attempted murder, involuntary manslaughter, felonious assault, robbery, burglary, and kidnapping. Most of these charges are related to crimes occurring within Indian Country, which includes the reservations of the Five Civilized Tribes within the 26 counties of the Eastern District of Oklahoma. The increase in Indian Country cases for federal prosecution is attributed to legal decisions such as the McGirt v. Oklahoma ruling, which clarified federal jurisdiction over major crimes involving Native Americans in this region.

Additionally, in a different context, there is an obituary for a Charles Smithson, who passed away on February 6, 2024, in Muskogee, Oklahoma. However, it is unclear whether this individual is related to the legal proceedings mentioned earlier.

Please note that the name “F. Ray Smith” could refer to various individuals, and without further context, it is challenging to pinpoint a specific person or their background.

 

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FYI

Native Americans are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States, including parts of Alaska. They comprise a large number of distinct tribes, states, and ethnic groups, many of which are still enduring as political communities. There is some controversy surrounding the names used: they are also known as American Indians, Indians, Amerindians, Amerinds, or Indigenous, Aboriginal or Original Americans. In Canada they are known as First Nations.

The U.S. states and several of the inhabited insular areas that are not part of the continental U.S. also contain indigenous groups. Some of these other indigenous peoples in the United States, including the Inuit, Yupik Eskimos, and Aleuts, are not always counted as Native Americans, although the US Census 2000 demographics listed "American Indian and Alaskan Native" collectively. Native Hawaiians (also known as Kanaka Maoli and Kanaka ?Oiwi) and various other Pacific Islander American peoples such as the Chamorros can also be considered Native American, but it is not common usually due to their different historical origin (i.e. Polynesian).

In the nineteenth century, the incessant Westward expansion of the United States incrementally compelled large numbers of Native Americans to resettle further west, often by force, almost always reluctantly. Under President Andrew Jackson, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act of 1830, which authorized the President to conduct treaties to exchange Native American land east of the Mississippi River for lands west of the river. As many as 100,000 Native Americans eventually relocated in the West as a result of this Indian Removal policy. In theory, relocation was supposed to be voluntary (and many Native Americans did remain in the East), but in practice great pressure was put on Native American leaders to sign removal treaties. Arguably the most egregious violation of the stated intention of the removal policy was the Treaty of New Echota, which was signed by a dissident faction of Cherokees, but not the elected leadership. The treaty was brutally enforced by President Martin Van Buren, which resulted in the deaths of an estimated four thousand Cherokees (mostly from disease) on the

Trail of Tears.

The explicit policy of Indian Removal forced or coerced the relocation of major Native American groups in both the Southeast and the Northeast United States, resulting directly and indirectly in the deaths of tens of thousands. The subsequent process of assimilations, though a less active means of an ethnic cleansing, was no less devastating to Native American peoples. Tribes were generally located to reservations on which they could more easily be separated from traditional life and pushed into European-American society. Some Southern states additionally enacted laws in the 19th century forbidding non-Indian settlement on Indian lands, intending to prevent sympathetic white missionaries from aiding the scattered Indian resistance.

Conflicts, generally known as "Indian Wars", broke out between U.S. forces and many different tribes. U.S. government authorities entered numerous treaties during this period, but later abrogated many for various reasons. Well-known military engagements include the Native American victory at the Battle of Little Bighorn in 1876, and the massacre of Native Americans at Wounded Knee in 1890. On January 31, 1876, the United States government ordered all remaining Native Americans to move into reservations or reserves. This, together with the near-extinction of the American Bison that many tribes had lived on, set about the downturn of Prairie Culture that had developed around the use of the horse for hunting, travel and trading.

American policy toward Native Americans has been an evolving process. In the late nineteenth century, reformers, in efforts to "civilize" or otherwise assimilate Indians (as opposed to relegating them to reservations), adapted the practice of educating native children in Indian Boarding Schools. These schools, which were primarily run by Christian missionaries, often proved traumatic to Native American children, who were forbidden to speak their native languages, taught Christianity instead of their native religions and in numerous other ways forced to abandon their various Native American identities and adopt European-American culture. There are also many documented cases of sexual, physical and mental abuses occurring at these schools.

The Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 gave United States citizenship to Native Americans, in part because of an interest by many to see them merged with the American mainstream, and also because of the heroic service of many Native American veterans in World War I.

Current status

There are 563 Federally recognized tribal governments in the United States. The United States recognizes the right of these tribes to self-government and supports their tribal sovereignty and self-determination. These tribes possess the right to form their own government, to enforce laws (both civil and criminal), to tax, to establish membership, to license and regulate activities, to zone and to exclude persons from tribal territories. Limitations on tribal powers of self-government include the same limitations applicable to states; for example, neither tribes nor states have the power to make war, engage in foreign relations, or coin money.

(VIDEO & PICTURES 7 & 8 FOR DISPLAY ONLY)

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